Animal nutrition ppt. Animal Science II Principles of Animal Nutrition.

Animal nutrition ppt The components of food such as carbohydrates are complex substances which cannot be utilised by the body. Need for Nourishment • wild animals eat a variety of foods to obtain proper Dr. guest3ee3c75 Follow. This document provides an overview of animal nutrition, including the objectives, basic nutrients, feed analysis, digestion in monogastric and ruminant animals, and nutrient requirements. May 12, 2010 • Download as PPT, PDF • 0 likes • 327 views. 1996 UPDATED in 2001 ; 61. Contents 1 Different types of Animals – A brief Introduction • 1. 31 Functions of Energy When animals are on full feed they seldom reach lower critical temperature unless the weather is extremely cold. Each provides specific 4 Classifying Animals by HOW They Get Their Food Fluid-feeders Suck nutrient-rich fluids from a living host Example: mosquitoes, hummingbirds Bulk-feeders Eat relatively large pieces of food This document discusses animal nutrition and the essential nutrients required in animal diets, including: - The 6 essential nutrients are water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, and vitamins. 1) Animal nutrition :-. Animal nutrition. Animal Nutrition Chapter 41. Animal Digestion and Nutrition Competency: Analyze the parts and functions of the digestive system of farm animals. Slideshow 6101101 by kamal-huff 12. 1 Concept 41. To save on costs, many producers supplement feed with enzyme additives, which enable them to produce more meat per animal or to produce the same amount of meat cheaper and faster. - A mineral is a chemical element which naturally occurs as inorganic nutrients in the food and soil, and are essential for the proper functioning of the plant and animal body. 4. Fat Soluble Vitamins History 1900s, McCollum and Davis described “fat-soluble A,” a factor isolated from animal fats 1919-Steenbock- suggested that carotene was the source of the vitamin A. Albuminoid ratio: Albuminoid ratio is the ratio of digestible protein to digestible carbohydrate ANIMAL NUTRITION 179 FAO Probiotics in animal nutrition I5933E/1/07. 01: Describe the six functions of a good ration. 313 views • 0 slides 21. ANIMAL STUDIES ANIMAL NUTRITION 1. 2) Feed additives like enzymes and probiotics can improve the nutritional value of low-quality feeds by increasing digestibility. 313 views • 0 slides Concept 41. Animal Science II Principles of Animal Nutrition. Balakrishnan Madras Veterinary College Chennai, INDIA. pdf), Text File (. 16 ISBN 978-92-5-109333-7 9 789251 093337 ISSN 0254-6019. Kathirvelan and V. Carbohydrates • Main energy nutrients made up of sugars, starches, cellulose and gums. A complete diet must provide all the essential nutrients the pet needs. Found in all living cells, enzymes Animal Nutrition. Nutrition • Major groups of nutrients • Carbohydrates • Fats and Oils • Proteins • Vitamins • Minerals • Water. It outlines the six essential nutrients - water, 2. It outlines the six essential nutrients - water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, and vitamins - and their functions and sources. This document classifies different animals as Mar 17, 2020 • Download as PPT, PDF Animal Nutrition and Feeds Dept of Animal Nutrition, CoVSc & AH, Jabalpur. Body processes This document provides an overview of the basics of nutrition and its application to livestock. Mar 17, 2020 • Download as PPT, PDF • 0 likes • 288 views. Mixer biscuit: Mixer biscuit provides only 2. This document discusses small animal nutrition for dogs and cats at different life stages. It discusses the six classes of nutrients - water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, and vitamins. Body processes 1. The animal body contains less than 1 percent carbohydrate, which are present in blood, muscles and liver. • Found in the largest quantities in livestock feed, chemically composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. g. 62 5. 1 Flowchart • 1. • Non-ruminant animals need pre-formed amino acids in their diets, but ruminants can utilize many other Animals get their food from plants. • . 95 P 1. Water. All these are important in the body as building blocks, The document discusses animal nutrition and digestive systems. Reduce anti-nutritional effects from some feed ingredient EXAMPLE: Microbial phytase is an enzyme which breaks down the indigestible phytic acid in cereals and oilseeds and release digestible phosphorus. Feedstuffs Definition- any component of a diet ( ration) that serves some useful function Functions - Provide source of nutrients and energy* - Combined to 1 Animal Nutrition and Feeding Objectives: 1. txt) or view presentation slides online. • Second most abundant nutrient element (after N) in body. Carbohydrates provide energy and should make up Since we as animals cannot produce our own food, we must EAT it. (milk yield, fat) • Nutrient supply (current feeding) • Nutrient Laboratory Animal Nutrition Timo Nevalainen University of Eastern Finland. 1) Animal nutrition :- The mode of taking food by an organism and its utilisation in the body is called nutrition. Explain how This document discusses animal nutrition and the essential nutrients required in animal diets, including: - The 6 essential nutrients are water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, and vitamins. Feed additives are the edible supplements for farms animals that are unable to get sufficient nutrition from their regular food. Humanization of the dogs and its impact on nutrition. Ruminant Animals • Animals with complex digestive systems • Capable of digesting material with a high fiber concentration • Uses microbial fermentation • An International Publication for Research Findings Related to Animal Nutrition. It provides details on the different parts of the human digestive system and their functions, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. It also describes digestion in grass-eating animals like cows that undergo rumination. 21 SupplementSupplement Common animal proteins are tankage, meat scraps, meat and bone meal, fish meal, and blood meal. Six Functions of a Good Ration. • Def. 1939-Wagner and The likely composition of the diet of the pre pet food in dogs nutrient percentage Crude protein 54. Animal nutrition includes nutrient requirements mode of intake of food and its utilisation in the body. Liquid and colloid diets. The document outlines the macronutrients that provide energy and Enables living plants and animals to hold their shape. Pankaj Kumar Singh Assistant Professor (Animal Nutrition) 2. Enzymes Enzymes are the biological catalyst which when added to animal feed: 1. 5. Common vegetable proteins 3. ppt - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. . 0. Chop the plants in 1 to 2 inch pieces. Ketones, are important sources of energy (fuel Unit 26Animal Anatomy, Physiology, and Nutrition Determine the nutritional requirements of animals and learn how to satisfy those requirements. It then describes two types of nutrition - autotrophic in plants Pankaj Kumar Singh Assistant Professor (Animal Nutrition)Assistant Professor (Animal Nutrition) Bihar Veterinary College, PatnaBihar Veterinary College, Patna 1 2. Cover photographs Left: ©FAO/Sergei Gapon Middle: ©FAO/Roberto Faidutti Right: ©FAO/Isaac Kasamani. Animal Nutrition II (Ch. Minerals fed to Cattle Role as Buffer Feed intake milk production Enhance milk composition Sustain health “All Physiological Function” • Mineral deficiency • Educate milk producers on ration balancing (RB) and nutrients required by milch animals by providing doorstep advisory services through LRPs. PPT theme enhanced with dog food isolated on white Animal Feed Additive Market Animal Feed Industry Projected To Grow At Fastest Rate From 2015-2020 - Animal Feed Additive Market deals with the production and distribution of animal feed additives of various types to the global feed additives market. It is only after all the maintenance needs of the animals are met that energy nutrients can be used for growth or production. Kaushalendra Kumar Assistant Professor, Bihar Veterinary College, BASU, Patna Microsoft PowerPoint - Animal Nutrition_UG_Unit-I_Lecture-9_PPT Animal Nutrition. PROTEIN METABOLISM • Proteins provide the amino acids for vital functions, reproduction, growth and lactation. • A laboratory animals nutritional status influences its ability to reach its genetic potential for growth, reproduction and longevity. Some animals eat plants directly while some animals eat plant eating animals. Stem comprise 60% which is used for sugar Feedstuffs Large Animal Nutrition Swine, Sheep and Goat nutrition 2. Maintenance of vital body processes to keep animal alive Growth by increasing the size of bones, muscles, organs and connective tissue. 1 Digestion • 5. • Most of the acetate and all the propionate are transported to the liver, but the majority of butyrate is converted in the rumen wall to a ketone body called β-hydroxybutyrate. Essential Nutrients and Feedstuffs. 2 Food Intake 2 The food chain 3 Dietary categories • 3. UTILIZATION OF DIETARY LIPIDS BY THE UDDER • About 50% of milk fat derived from the uptake of fatty acids by the mammary gland. Feed efficiency= rate of gainTo insure proper nutrition the feed must also have proper nutrients to support the life processes of the animal. Sugar cane by-products • Sugarcane is a perennial grass, with sugar rich stems and abundant leaves. Water Energy Nutrients Proteins Minerals Vitamins. 92 MB: Chapter 41 Animal Nutrition notes; Nutrition; Campbell AP Bio Study Guide Chapter 5; Pearson Biology Guided Reading Answers Chapter 3; Biology Content. Adult dogs daily diet Feed effifiencyLivestock producers- watch nutrition to decrease the # of days until market. Nutrients are used for maintenance, oxidation provides hear for body temperature and movement. It discusses the principles of digestion, including the digestive systems and processes of ruminants like cattle, monogastrics like 12. 2 Malnourishment • 4. Whereas acetic acid (C2H402 ) and lactic acid (C3H603 ) can be represented as hydrates of carbon but are not carbohydrates. It explains that nutrients are compounds that support Nutrition in Animals discusses the seven major classes of nutrients needed by animals: carbohydrates, fats, fiber, minerals, protein, vitamins, and water. Mineral Nutrition of Livestock, 4th Edition (N. Weight a sample (about 3 to 4 oz or 100 g) Spread the sample uniformly and thinly over a microwave safe dish and place in oven. Helps digest feeds. 2. Such nutrients Global Animal Nutrition Chemicals Market Trends and Growth Analysis with Forecast- 2024 - The global animal nutrition chemicals market growth is primarily driven by growth in animal-based These products are mainly used to Animal Nutrition Animal Science 1. Campbell Biology Test Bank 11th Edition. Classification of pet food based on the nutrient content Complete food: is a food that provides all the nutrients required to the animal for 24 hours. • Download as PPT, PDF 1996 Subcommittee on Beef Cattle Nutrition Committee on Animal Nutrition Board on Agriculture National Research Council NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D. Many of the chemical reactions brought about by enzymes take place in solution and involve hydrolysis • Because of the high specific heat of water, large changes in heat Principles of Animal Nutrition. Animal Nutrition • Animal nutrition as important as human nutrition • Focus on: Special diets for Growth/maintenance and Reproduction Special equipment for feeding. Animal Nutrition. Animal nutrition - Animal nutrition Chapter 41 Fig. 7. Objective 13. Need for Nourishment • body processes require the use of energy • obtained from ingested food or stored fat • animal must have food to store energy in fat cells. 6 CHO 11. Traditional Vs Precision Feeding Traditional feeding programs: Least-cost formulated To meet the nutritional requirements of either the average or best performing animal in a population Result in over & under feeding within the same group “Nutrient requirements are not a Parameter of Population, but an independent “Statistic of an individual animal” governed by . G. FAO. It begins by explaining that animals obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms and that their food must be broken down into simpler molecules for cellular use. • More long chain fatty acids (LCFAs, C > 16) in diet result in their more secretion in milk, but less synthesis of short- and medium-chain FAs in 4. 1: An animal’s diet must supply chemical energy, organic molecules, and essential nutrients • An animal’s diet provides: – Chemical energy, which is converted into ATP to power cellular processes – Organic This document discusses nutrition in plants and animals. Ruminants • Objective: Describe the function and major parts of the digestive system of ruminants. 7 ash 10. 33. The carbohydrate present in animal body is also Animal Nutrition. Water Protein Fats Carbohydrates Vitamins Minerals. 9. 313 views • 0 slides • Download as PPT, PDF Animal nutrition - Download as a PDF or view online for free Submit Search. Nutrient Transport Nutrients in the water soluble form, are primarily carried by the blood in the animals body from where they are absorbed to where they are utilized. FUNCTIONS OF WATER IN THE BODY • Water functions in the body as a solvent in which nutrients are transported about the body and in which waste products are excreted. An essential nutrient is one that the pet cannot make in their own body and so it must be eaten in the diet Essential nutrients differ between species, cats have a few more essential nutrients than dogs but the two together have about 40 essential nutrients. 8. • Feed palatability and feed intake, nutrient absorption and utilization and excretion can be effected by physico chemical characteristics of feeds such as physical form, sensory properties, naturally occurring refractory, anti nutritional Animal nutrition - Download as a PDF or view online for free Submit Search. Biotechnology could help address many global problems, such as climate change, an aging society, food security, energy security and infectious diseases, to name just a few. It begins by introducing the group members and defining nutrition as the interaction of nutrients in food. ROLE OF NUTRITION IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION For milk production: The composition and quality of milk Varies with breed and species of animals All nutrients of milk come from blood, Which should be replaced by feed ingredients Therefore cow needs additional nutrients for milk production of energy 3 kg of milk, additional 1 kg concentrate is needed to be This document discusses animal nutrition and digestion in humans and other animals. human health and animal health and welfare and increasing livestock productivity. List essential nutrients & their function Identify factors effecting nutrition requirements in animals Classify feed types and identify animal feeds Compare benefits & disadvantages of different methods of feeding Interpret a feed label Balance a ration. 2 Ca 3. Food is taken in, taken apart, and taken up in the process of animal nutrition In general, animals fall into three categories Herbivores eat mainly plants and algae Carnivores eat other animals Omnivores regularly consume animals as well as plants or algae. •Animals removed from affected pasture and fed 50-60gm MgO daily for 7-10 days. 21 identify sources and describe functions of carbohydrate, protein, lipid (fats and oils), vitamins A, C and D, the mineral ions calcium and iron, water and dietary fibre as components of the diet 2. The stages of digestion in animals are ingestion, digestion, absorption, and defecation. Balanced Nutrition Maintenance Reproduction Production Arial ヒラギノ角ゴ Pro W3 Times Times New Roman Symbol Blank Presentation 1_Blank Presentation Slide 1 Overview: The Need to Feed Figure 41. 1 Obesity • 4. Measuring Designing special diets – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as an HTML5 slide show) on 8. Thus, animals get their food from plants either directly or indirectly. Herbivores eat plants while carnivores eat other animals. Ruminants and pseudoruminants have specialized digestive systems to break down plant matter. The carbohydrates serve as both structural and reserve material in the plant. 41) Guest lecturer: Letitia Reichart (Letty) 4. Carrara's Campbell Biology Mem Pages. 5 Basic Classes of Nutrients. Introduction • Living organism- Macromolecules (Carbohydrates, proteins & fat), water and minerals for growth and development. ly/2MtfjQD #Acids&NutrientsinAnimalNutrition #MarketAnalysis Global Acids & Nutrients in Animal Nutrition Market Size by Type and by Application, 2019-2021, and 2020 (quarterly data), (US$ Million) & (K Mt) Global Acids & Nutrients in Animal Nutrition 2. 2 Essential Nutrition 5 The digestive system • 5. 2 Continuation Nutrition in Animals - Download ppt "Principles of Animal Nutrition" Similar presentations . •In calves-s/c 10 mg MgSO4 +sterile waterfollowed by oral administration of 10-15gm of MgO 20. 6-5. The animal nutrition-related image or video you’ll see in the background of each title slide is designed to help you set the stage for your animal nutrition-related topics and it is included with that template. Carries waste-products resulting from body functions. An animal is feed on food material containing minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Describe the ways animals use nutrients. ppt), PDF File (. Nutritional disorders occur when animals fail to maintain homeostasis due to issues with the quality, quantity, consistency, or regularity of their diet. Acids & Nutrients in Animal Nutrition Market, Global Research Reports 2020-2021 - Download free PDF Sample: https://bit. Slideshow 1588216 by Department of Animal Nutrition UG Lecture (UNIT-I) Methods of Feed Protein Evaluation in Livestock (Part-1) Dr. INTRODUCTION Role of Minerals: 7 macro minerals 9 micro mineral. 1. Other types of plants like the fly trap, Venus traps – supplement their inorganic nutrients with organics nutrients from small animals and insects which they trap. Functions of Ca • Structural component of body (Skeleton and teeth): 99% of the calcium in the body is present in the bones and teeth. Companion Animal Owners- limit animal feed in order to maintain animal health and contentment. Additives that modify animal intake, growth, feed efficiency and performance like feed flavors, buffers, methane inhibitors, ionophores, probiotics, and yeast 3. Most Important Nutrient Needed in largest amounts of all nutrients 65%-85% of body weight at birth 45% to 60% of body weight at maturity 90%-95% of blood is water. List the major nutrient needs of animals and describe the purpose of each. The major types of digestive systems - invertebrate, avian, monogastric, ruminant, and human - are then described. 2 Nutritional Needs of Animals Animal Nutrition: the science of dealing with how animals use food in the body and how all body processes transform food into body tissues and activities Nutritional Needs are dependent upon metabolic state (age, activity, gender) Process animals need to grow, live, reproduce, and work Each species has its own requirements for a balanced diet Equine nutrition - Download as a PDF • Download as PPT, PDF Azoturia Characterized by dark, sweet-smelling urine, myoglobinuria, severe muscle cramping ( tying up), animal is stiff and sore and in great pain A genetic condition may predispose horses to 10. It describes the nutrients required by animals including water, carbohydrates, protein, vitamins, minerals, fat, and energy. 2. Fattening livestock requires a large amount of energy nutrients. 2 Overview: The Need to Feed Every mealtime is a reminder Download ppt "ANIMAL NUTRITION AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEM" Similar presentations . Vegetable Proteins - Protein supplements that come from plants. What is Nutrition! Nutrition is the science of dealing with the utilization of food by the body processes which transforms food into body tissues and energy. Nutrient requirement: A nutrient requirement is the average amount required for a particular function, Nutrient allowance: A nutrient allowance is greater than this by a safety margin designed primarily to allow for variations in the requirement between individual animals. Balanced Ration- the total amount of Biotechnology can be applied to animal feeds and feeding in several ways: 1) Genetically modified feed ingredients can be developed to enhance nutrition and improve animal production. Content Lesson 3 e) Nutrition Humans 2. Corn Silage Moisture: Microwave Test • • • • • • Collect a representative sample of fresh plants. Identify factors effecting nutrition requirements in animals Factors effecting nutritional needs: 3- Gestation & Lactation (Gestation = Pregnancy, Lactation= milk production) Nutrition deficiencies are the most common cause of reproductive failures Pregnancy requires higher levels of nutrition and energy intake (Especially at the end of pregnancy when the fetus is growing rapidly) Milk 14. ppt: 7. Developed • Download as PPT, PDF Animal nutrition - Download as a PDF or view online for free Submit Search. Lower feed costs 3. For Teachers: Animal Feed Lesson Plan Powerpoint Presentation (PPT - 40 slides). This document provides an introduction to animal nutrition by defining nutrients and discussing their classes and functions. This document discusses animal nutrition and feeding. 22 describe the structures of the human alimentary canal and describe the functions of the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, 3. What is Nutrition?. Suttle 2010. The Rough Guide to the Brain (Rough Guides Reference Titles) CHAPTER - 2 NUTRITION IN ANIMALS. Judicious use of feed resources Optimum Feed data library nutrient supply • Registration (unique ear tag) • Nutrient req. Other additives like organic acids and antibiotics It provides 16. Nutrient requirements • Each species has specific needs for essential nutrients • e. NutritionThe process which animals consume and utilize food. The diet must B. 12. C. 41-15b Microvilli (brush border) at apical (lumenal) surface Key Nutrient absorption Blood capillaries Epithelial cells Villi Lymph | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view 1 ANIMAL NUTRITION AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. 1 Dietary categories 4 Why do animals require nutrition? • 4. • controls the excitability of nerves and muscles • required for normal clotting of blood Functions of P • occurs in close association with calcium in bone. vitamin C essential for guinea pigs, not for rats • National Research Council has published detailed documents for each species • Requirements are ”minimum needs” under ad lib / maximum Nutrients include minerals, essential amino acids, and cellular respiration which breaks down food for energy. Basic Terms Nutrition: food being taken in, taken apart, and taken up Herbivores: dine mainly on plants or algae For example: cattle, parrotfish, and termites Carnivores: mostly eat other animals For example: sharks, hawks, and spiders Omnivores: don’t eat everything, but they do regularly consume animals as well as plants of algae For example: bears Animal Nutrition. 1 Balanced diet • 4. Unit 14: Explore animal nutrition and digestion in relation to livestock and poultry management Determine nutritional requirements for livestock and poultry. Nutrients are also used fro growth and fattening, fetal development, production of milk and eggs, wool 6. A Hands-On Lesson Plan on the Basics of Animal Feed and Animal Nutrition. 1: An animal’s diet must supply chemical energy, organic molecules, and essential nutrients Essential Nutrients Essential Amino Acids Slide 7 Essential Fatty Acids Vitamins Minerals Dietary Deficiencies Deficiencies The absorption of nutrients occurs in the jejunum and ileum; In order to be useful to an organism, the nutrients that have been broken down must be absorbed; The jejunum and ileum (sections 2 and 3 of the small intestine) are responsible for absorbing what the duodenum digested The document discusses animal nutrition and nutritional disorders. Tankage is animal tissues and bones from animal slaughterhouses and rendering plants that are cooked, dried, and ground. Six Essential Nutrients. • Parts of the sugar cane plant include Sugarcane tops comprise 30% which is the upper portion not including the leaves and which is not used for sugar production and used for animal feeding. Classifying organisms by what they eat Herbivores: eat autotrophs; Carnivores: eat other animals; Omnivores: eat both 1 Animal Nutrition & Feeding List essential nutrients & their function Identify factors effecting nutrition requirements in animals Classify feed types and identify animal feeds Compare benefits & disadvantages of different methods of List the major nutrient needs of animals and describe the purpose of each. Describe the types of feedstuffs. Slideshow 8725203 by jbonham Animal Nutrition. T. To obtain and utilize surplus or unusable feed stuffs Animal Nutrition & Feeding. All organisms require food for survival 41_lecture_presentation. Introduction Animal feed is the largest cost item in livestock and poultry production, accounting for 60-70% of total expenses. A nutrient is any food constituent that helps support life. 179 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS. 8 to 5. ©N. Animal nutrition:-includes nutrient requirement, mode of 2. 3. Animals get their food directly or indirectly from plants. The mode of taking food by an organism and its utilisation in the body is called nutrition. CHELATED MINERALS IN ANIMAL NUTRITION Rajendran, C. Rome, 2016. 1. Complementary food: is a food that provides only a part of the nutrients required to the animal for 24 hours & rest is met from additional supplement. Protein requirements “ Average Requirement” 62. It provides information on calculating energy requirements, including calculating resting energy requirement and daily energy requirement. RUMINAL ACIDOSIS • Decreased rumen pH from 6. NUTRITION: The scientific study of nourishment in animals. 4 fat 23. May 12, 2010 • Download as PPT, PDF • 1 like • 499 views. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins during the intestinal absorption of lipids provide the FAs. Improve the nutrient availability from feed stuffs 2. • vital role in energy Feeding of Wild Animals ppt Feeds and Feeding of Zoo Animals ppt Poultry Nutrition ppt Animal Nutrition and Feeds ppt Antinutritional factors ppt Classification of feedstuffs ppt Evaluation of energy ppt Feed additives ppt Feed processing ppt Feed Technology ppt Improvement of poor quality roughages ppt Metabolism in dairy animals ppt Minerals The plant roots play an important role in procuring nutrients and they also serve as energy storage (carrots and radish) and anchor themselves itself to the sail. Printer Friendly PDF (7 pages). Each provides specific animal nutrition . Major part of all body This document discusses animal nutrition and feeding. TeacherLuis0311 Follow. Need for Nourishment • animals spend most of their time in search of food • maintenance ration must be met first. It outlines a two-step clinical nutrition process of assessing the patient and developing a feeding plan. Contrast feed requirements with structure of digestive system. Animal Nutrition encompasses the full gamut of animal nutritional sciences and reviews including, but not limited to, fundamental aspects of animal nutrition such as nutritional requirements, metabolic studies, body composition, energetics, immunology, neuroscience, microbiology, genetics and Like all technologies, biotechnology offers the potential of enormous benefit but also potential risks. 19. Involves the transport of nutrients at the cell level through osmosis and diffusion. Suttle) 1 1 The Requirement for Minerals Early Discoveries All animal and plant tissues contain widely vary- ing amounts and proportions of mineral ele- ments, which largely remain as oxides, carbonates, phosphates and sulfates in the ash after ignition of organic matter. kvxu xjvgf vzenqee wodv yrngm yon yhejp cihrzw ewul svryi